Synthesis and analysis of orbital clusters of space vehicles

DOI №______

Abstract

The paper considers methods for determining the main characteristics of orbital clusters of artificial Earth satellites. The structures with different number of space vehicles in the plane of the orbit are obtained. The most important characteristics in their construction can be attributed to the type of orbit, altitude of the orbit, inclination of the orbit; time of radio visibility of the spacecraft; the number of spacecraft, the type of orbital cluster, and the number of spacecraft inside the plane of the orbit. Calculations have been made to determine the width of the zone of view of the on-board equipment of the spacecraft through the value of the field of view of the equipment and the altitude of the orbit. Graphic dependencies are constructed that display the shape of the width of the spacecraft's survey zone at different altitudes for low-altitude and medium-altitude orbits. The dependence of the inclination of the orbit (at the latitude of the geographical center of Ukraine) on the overlap factor (0.1 - 1.0) is calculated and graphically displayed. The determination of the minimum altitude of the orbit of a spacecraft for a given latitude and longitude of earth stations, which are located at the edge of the coverage area of the spacecraft, as well as the necessary minimum time of the satellite's stay in the area of operation of the earth station are considered. Areas of radio visibility with the minimum permissible angle of the earth station location are determined. The number of spacecraft in the polar orbit plane, the number of orbital planes and the total number of satellites have been calculated.

Keywords: spacecraft, orbital cluster, low-altitude orbits, medium-altitude orbits, orbit shape, eccentricity, inclination, mean radius of the Earth, survey field width, field of view, orbit altitude, elevation angle, central angle.

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