INSTITUTIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ARCHITECTURE OF GOVERNMENT AI IN UKRAINE:INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND MECHANISMS FOR CONTROLLING CONFABULATIONS

Abstract

The article examines Government AI as an integrated system of
institutions, data, digital infrastructure, artificial intelligence models, risk governance
rules, and accountability mechanisms supporting internal government processes,
policymaking, and public service delivery. The study applies a qualitative comparative
analysis of official strategies, guidelines and implemented solutions in Ukraine, the
United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Singapore, Estonia and China across eight
analytical dimensions. Five analytical development models are identified: regulatorygovernance, distributed-departmental, platform-based, service-oriented and centralisedsovereign. The authors argue that Ukraine should adopt a combined model connecting
central standards, distributed institutional responsibility, a shared government platform
and risk-proportionate oversight. The paper distinguishes defects in training or reference
data from model confabulations generated at inference time. It proposes a factual
integrity control loop comprising an authoritative source registry, data provenance and
versioning, retrieval-augmented generation with citations, an evidence sufficiency
threshold, Ukrainian-language evaluation, risk-proportionate human verification,
logging, and incident reporting. The scientific contribution is an eight-component
institutional and technological architecture for Government AI adapted to Ukraine’s
wartime resilience, European integration, and technological sovereignty objectives. The
paper also frames agentic government as a maturity layer of Government AI and defines
additional safeguards for AI-agent governance: digital identity, least privilege,
authorisation of legally significant actions, immutable logging, and the ability to pause
or revoke an operation.

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