POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS

DOI: 10.31673/2409-7292.2026.010544

Abstract

Post-quantum cryptography is one of the key areas of development of modern means of information protection in
connection with the active progress of quantum technologies. Classical cryptographic algorithms, such as RSA and ECC,
become vulnerable due to the Shor algorithm, which threatens the long-term security of information systems. The article
provides an in-depth review of the current state of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms based on the results of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) selection, and also analyzes the approaches proposed in recent scientific
publications. The characteristics of the Kyber, Dilithium, Falcon, and SPHINCS+ algorithms are considered in detail - their
security parameters, performance, cryptographic strength, requirements for hardware resources, and possibilities of application
in practical systems. Special attention is paid to the issues of integrating post-quantum algorithms into existing cryptographic
protocols, in particular, into public-key systems, public-key infrastructure, and secure communication channels. The key
problems of implementing post-quantum cryptography in information infrastructures are considered, including: increased key
sizes and cryptographic parameters, computational delays, compatibility with existing software and hardware solutions, and the
need to revise key management policies. The prospects for implementing post-quantum solutions in Ukraine are separately
analyzed, and practical recommendations are offered for a phased migration to such algorithms for state and corporate systems,
taking into account the requirements for long-term data confidentiality and protection of critical information infrastructure.
Keywords: post-quantum cryptography, quantum attacks, NIST PQC, Kyber, Dilithium, Falcon, SPHINCS+,
cryptoresistance.

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